Plunger molding machine with tapered bore and thermal transfer fins

ABSTRACT

A plunger machine for molding reinforced polymer compositions is provided. The plunger machine has particular application in molding polymer that is reinforced with particles having an aspect ratio that is greater than 1:1. The plunger machine includes a barrel housing with a smooth walled barrel with longitudinal fins projecting inwardly towards the center of the bore that defines a main melt chamber. A plunger housing, having a plunger bore, defines an initial melt chamber and is in communication with the main melt chamber. A plunger resides in the plunger bore and is reciprocatable therein. The barrel bore is continuously inwardly tapered and cooperates with the longitudinal fins to provide a shortened melt period and a smooth transition and alignment of reinforcing members within the polymer mixture during the melt process. The smooth bore and cooperating fins ensure substantial alignment of the reinforcement members with the longitudinal axis of the bore in the direction of the composition flow to avoid excessive breakage of the reinforcing particles and prepare the polymer mixture for extrusion into a mold assembly.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 10/213,177, filed onAug. 6, 2002, which is related to and claims priority from earlier filedprovisional patent application No. 60/316,484, filed Aug. 31, 2001.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to an improved injection moldingmachine and method of using the machine to form net shape molded parts.More specifically, the present invention relates to a plunger moldingmachine for use in molding reinforced polymer compositions,particularly, polymers loaded with thermally conductive filler media,such as carbon, ceramics and metallic material in the form of fibers andflakes.

In the molding industry, it has been well known to injection moldplastic materials into various articles of commerce. In particular, ithas become well known to load such plastics or polymer-basedcompositions with filler materials to form a reinforced polymercomposition. Reinforcing a polymer composition with other media is donefor many different purposes. For example, a reinforced polymercomposition may be employed to provide a thermally conductive plasticwhere the reinforcing material is highly thermally conductive, such asis the case with carbon fiber or aluminum flakes. Another exampleincludes an application where the polymer is loaded with copper fiber toprovide an electrically conductive polymer composition. Still further,aluminum flakes may be loaded in the polymer composition to provide acomposition that includes EMI shielding properties. Also, glass, carbonor other structural fibers may be employed to add strength and/orstiffness.

In general, the loading of a polymer base matrix, with a reinforcingmaterial, raises many concerns regarding the ability to successfullyinjection mold such a composition due to the presence of the additionalsuspended reinforcing material. For example, if the reinforcing materialthat is loaded into the polymer matrix is long carbon fiber, there is agreatly increased potential for strand and/or filament breakage duringthe melting and molding process. During the molding process, thecompeting issues of thorough mixing of the loaded polymer compositionand the concern of excessive breakage of the delicate reinforcing mediamust be balanced to achieve the desired product. Prior art moldingmachines typically create high turbulence and/or grinding of the polymermaterial for the purposes of mixing the composition. These prior artmachines commonly included a torpedo-shaped member or spreader locatedin the center of the injection molding bore to increase the level ofturbulence as the composition passes through the bore to cause thepolymer to melt in a uniform manner and to improve the mixing of thecomposition. However, such turbulence and grinding of the polymercomposition under pressure during the molding process results inincreased reinforcing fiber breakage and greatly reduced reinforcementmedia length.

As a result, it can be clearly seen that these known molding processesare incompatible with the molding of thermally conductive polymercompositions as described above. In particular, a thermally conductivecomposition that employs carbon fiber reinforcing requires that thebreakage or damage to the reinforcing fibers be kept to a minimum toensure that the desired properties of the resulting composition aremaintained. In the above example, if the lengths of the carbon fibersloaded within the polymer composition are ground up into much shortedlengths, it is clear that the overall thermal conductivity of thecomposition will be degraded as a result.

In an attempt to address the problems with breakage of reinforcingfibers, compression molding has been attempted where there is a manuallay-up of material and the reinforcing media thereon. As can beunderstood, such manual assembly is expensive and is far too slow formass production. Thus, compression molding is inadequate and impracticalfor molding reinforced material and suffers from economic andgeometry-related limitations.

In addition to the problems associated with the reduction of the lengthof reinforcing media, the alignment of the reinforcing fibers within thecomposition is also a concern. In the examples above, a highly alignedand oriented loading of reinforcing material along the path ofconductivity is preferred to obtain higher performance of the moldedcomposition. For example, a highly oriented array of carbon fiber withina polymer base would yield higher thermal conductivities than acomposition that included randomly oriented fibers, because the numberof transitions from carbon to polymer to carbon within the compositionwould be greatly reduced. Further, packing densities are higher when thefibers or filaments are well-aligned. The foregoing alignment andbreakage problems become even more important where the aspect ratio ofthe reinforcing media becomes larger and larger.

Tapered bore injection molding machines have also been used to overcomethe above noted deficiencies. However, while tapered bore machinespreserve reinforcing fiber length and alignment, since there is notransfer of heat to the center of the bore the polymer melts in anuneven fashion and requires extended melt time within the injectionmolding bore.

In view of the foregoing, there is a demand for an improved injectionmolding machine and method that is well suited for accommodating polymercompositions loaded with reinforcing media having aspect ratios greaterthan 1:1 while enhancing the melt uniformity of the composition.Further, there is a demand for a molding machine that is capable ofgreatly decreasing the amount of breakage of reinforcing media duringthe molding process while enhancing the speed at which the polymerreaches its molten state. There is also a demand for a molding machineand method of using the machine that can better align reinforcing mediaalong the line of melt flow to provide a better oriented reinforcedcomposition.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In this regard, the present invention provides a novel molding machineand method of using the machine to injection mold a reinforced polymercomposition. The present invention results in a reduction in the amountof damage to the reinforcing particles loaded in the polymer moldingcomposition while providing a increased uniformity in the heat transferfrom the injection bore to the composition that results in a reducedresidence time, the time required for heating the polymer to achieve thedesired melt viscosity. The plunger injection machine of the presentinvention has particular application in molding polymer compositionsthat are reinforced with particles having an aspect ratio that isgreater than 1:1.

The plunger machine includes a barrel housing with an interior barrelbore that defines a main melt chamber. A plunger housing, having aplunger bore, defines an initial melt chamber that is in communicationwith the main melt chamber. A plunger resides in the plunger bore and isreciprocatable therein. The barrel bore is continuously tapered inwardlyto provide a smooth transition of the melted polymer composition whilecausing an alignment of reinforcing members in the polymer mixtureduring the melt process. The inner wall of the barrel bore issubstantially smooth with a plurality of longitudinal fins extendingalong the length of the bore. The fins on the interior of the bore arein thermal communication with the bore and provide thermal transferpaths that allow the heat from the melt element to be transferred to theinterior of the flow and therefore more uniformly throughout the polymermedia. In addition, the configuration of the smooth bore walls andlongitudinal fins cooperate to ensure substantial alignment of thereinforcement members with the longitudinal axis of the bore to avoidexcessive breakage of the reinforcing particles and prepare the polymermixture for extrusion into a mold assembly. Compression of the polymercomposition via the plunger is minimized to avoid unwanted breakage ofthe reinforcement particles, which is deleterious to the integrity ofthe reinforcing media.

In accordance with the method of the present invention, a mixture ofpolymer, reinforcing particles, such as carbon fibers of an aspectration greater than 1:1, are fed into a feed port with the assistance ofan auger through a hopper. The mixture is gently fed into an initialmelt chamber where the mixture is melt and then urged by a plunger intoa main melt chamber. The main melt chamber includes smooth walls and aplurality of longitudinal fin sections. The walls and fins of the mainmelt chamber are heated by heater bands, or the like, and gradually andinwardly tapered to gradually and gently melt the mixture and togradually align the reinforcing particles with the polymer base matrixwithout causing excessive breakage of the reinforcing particles. Thefins assist in transferring heat into the path of the flow increasingthe speed at which the media is melted, thus reducing the requiredresidence time of the polymer composition within the melt chamber. Atthe exit port of the main melt chamber, the reinforcing members aresubstantially aligned lengthwise along the direction of flow of the meltwithin the chamber to provide a highly oriented melt mixture forsubsequent injection into a mold for an article.

Accordingly, one of the objects of the present invention is theprovision of an injection molding device for molding a polymercomposition that includes high aspect ratio reinforcing particles whileminimizing the breakage of the particles. Another object of the presentinvention is the provision of an injection molding device for themolding of a reinforced polymer composition that produces a high degreeof axial alignment of the reinforcing material during the melting andinjection process. A further object of the present invention is theprovision of an injection molding device that preserves the length ofthe reinforcing particles in a polymer composition while providingenhanced heat transfer from the device to the composition to reduce theresidence time of the polymer composition within the injection bore. Itis yet another object of the present invention is the provision of aninjection molding method where a polymer composition is reinforced withhigh aspect ration filler so that the length of the filler particles ispreserved and a substantial alignment of the particles is achieved.

Other objects, features and advantages of the invention shall becomeapparent as the description thereof proceeds when considered inconnection with the accompanying illustrative drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings which illustrate the best mode presently contemplatedfor carrying out the present invention:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the molding machine of the presentinvention illustrating the first step of injection molding a part inaccordance with the method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is cross-sectional view the preferred embodiment of the moldingmachine of the present invention illustrating the step of packing themain melt chamber in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view through the line 3—3 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view through the line 4—4 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an alternative embodiment of the present invention with angledfeed port; and

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the molding machine of the presentinvention being used as a pelletizer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings, the present invention injection moldingbarrel 10 shown in conjunction with a molding machine 12 andcorresponding method of using the machine 12 is shown and generallyillustrated in FIGS. 1–4. The machine 12 is suitable for accommodating awide array of compositions of different materials loaded withreinforcing media of different shapes in the form of fibers, flakes,ribbons and rice. For example, the present invention 12 is suitable formolding a thermally conductive polymer composition loaded with carbonfibers as well as a polymer composition loaded with aluminum flakestailored for EMI shielding applications. Further, an aluminum basematerial may be loaded with steel flakes to enhance the physical tensilestrength of the resultant molded part. For simplicity and ease ofillustration, the molding machine 12 and corresponding method will bedescribed in detail below in connection with a thermally conductivecomposition with a polymer base material loaded with carbon fiberreinforcing. This is one example of the many applications of the machine12 and method of the present invention where a base material is loadedwith a reinforcing media that needs to be aligned but not broken duringthe molding process. This example is not intended to be limiting, as thepresent application has broad applications relating to the generalconcepts described herein.

Referring both to FIGS. 1 and 2, cross-sectional views of the injectionmolding barrel 10 of the present invention in connection with a plungermolding machine 12 is shown. A plunger housing 14 that contains aplunger 16 or piston is generally illustrated. The plunger 16 is movablebetween a retracted position, as shown in FIG. 1, and a forwardposition, as shown in FIG. 2, with the assistance of a hydraulic pump 18or other similar reciprocating apparatus via linkage 19. The plungerhousing 14 is mated with a barrel housing 20 of the injection moldingbarrel 10 that has a barrel bore 22 located therein. The bore 22 isconfigured in accordance with the present invention as will be furtherdescribed below. In addition, a feed port 24 is provided, whichcommunicates with the plunger housing 14 and provides a means by whichthe dry polymer mixture 26 and reinforcing fibers 28 can be fed to themolding machine 12 for melting and subsequent extrusion. The extrudedmaterial may be extruded directly into a cavity in a mold assembly toform a molded part or extruded as a rod and cut into pellets for lateruse in future molding operations. Details of the molding process inaccordance with the present invention will be further described below.

Still referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the construction of the barrel 10 ofthe molding machine 12 of the present invention is shown. The innerconstruction of the barrel housing 20 is arranged to provide asubstantially tapered bore 22 where the entry port 30 is larger than theexit port 32. Further, the entry port 30 of the bore 22 is substantiallyequal to the dimension of the exit 34 of the plunger housing 14 andpreferably, at least a first portion of the bore 22 of the barrelhousing 20 is, essentially, identical to the dimension of the bore 34 ofthe plunger housing 14 so as to receive the reciprocating plunger 16therein. The barrel bore 22 gradually tapers inwardly from a diameterof, for example, approximately 2.0 inches to an exit port 32 of, forexample, approximately 0.25 inches and extends, for example, to a lengthof approximately 12.0 inches. The stroke length of the plunger 16 is,for example, approximately 7.0 inches. The interior surface of thebarrel bore 22 is generally a smooth and polished surface to allow asmooth and even flow of the extrusion material 36. Further, on thesurface of the bore 22, several fins 38 are provided. The fins 38 aregenerally linearly shaped ribs that align substantially in alignmentwith the longitudinal axis of the bore 22, extending between the entryport 30 and the exit port 32.

The fins 38 of the present invention have a height, or protrusion intothe bore 22, that is proportionally tapered relative to the taper of thebarrel bore 22. More specifically, the fins 38 have a deeper profile 40at the entry port 30 of the bore 22 and a shallower profile 42 at theexit port 32, generally maintaining the same clearance distance from thecenter line of the bore 22 along the length of the bore 22. FIGS. 3 and4, cross-sectional views through lines 3—3 and 4—4 of FIG. 2,respectively, further illustrate the inward taper of the bore 22 of themolding machine 12 of the present invention while also illustrating theproportional taper of the fin 38 profile. FIG. 3 shows the larger innerdiameter of the bore 22 proximal to the entry port 30 of the bore 22where the fins 30 have a pronounced depth and profile 40, while FIG. 4shows a reduced inner diameter of the bore 22 proximal to the exit port32 of the bore 22 with the fins 38 having a reduced profile 42 thatapproaches nearly flat and flush with the inner surface of bore 22. Itis possible to adjust the degree of taper and size of the entry port 30and exit port 32 as well as the overall depth of the fins 38 to theapplication at hand and the composition of the material to be processedby the present invention.

The fins 38 serve two general purposes in the present invention. Thefirst purpose of the fins 38 is to facilitate heat transfer into theextrusion material 36. The fins 38 provide increased surface area toprovide an increased rate of thermal transfer from the bore 10 to theextrusion material 36. In the prior art, a torpedo was placed within thebore and supported on wings that extended from the bore surface.However, this configuration caused a high degree of turbulence withinthe barrel in addition to providing several locations where the linearflow of material collided with the wing supports resulting in a highdegree of broken fiber reinforcing material. The fins 38 of the presentinvention allow heat to be transferred closer to the center of the bore22 while also slightly increasing the overall turbulence within the bore22 in addition to reducing the number of locations for potential flowcollisions. In this manner, effective mixing and melting of theextrusion material 36 can be achieved while preserving the length of thereinforcing fibers 28 and maximizing fiber length in the finishedproduct. The second purpose of the fins 38 is to generally direct theflow within the bore 22 into a substantially aligned linear direction.In this manner, the fins 38 generally cause the fibers 28 within theextrusion material 36 to align linearly along the axis of the flow. Thiseffect is pronounced as the fins 38 operate in cooperation with thetapered bore 22 as will be fully described in the method below.

Referring back to FIGS. 1 and 2, the method of using the molding machine12 of the present invention is shown. In FIG. 1, a dry blend mixture ofbase material 26, such as polymer, and reinforcing material 28, such ascarbon fiber, is introduced into the plunger housing 14 via a feed port24 with the assistance of a non-destructive auger 44 that gently feedsthe material 36 in a downward direction. The nature of this samplecomposition 36 is of a dry and feathery consistency. Due to the low bulkdensity of this sample composition 36, an auger 44 is needed; however, aheavier composition may be gravity feedable and may not need an auger44. A hopper (not shown) may also be provided to further assist in thefeeding of the material 36. The plunger housing 14 and barrel housing 20is heated or pre-heated prior to the start of mixture feeding processwith heater bands (not shown), or the like. As shown in FIG. 1, themixture 36 is fed into the plunger housing 14 and begins to melt andflow toward the entry port 30 of the bore 22 of the barrel housing 20.Due to heat applied to the plunger housing 14 and barrel housing 20, themixture 36, particularly the polymer component 26 of the mixture 36,begins to melt.

Turning now to FIG. 2, filling and pre-packing the bore 22, inpreparation for extrusion, is shown. Preferably, a volume of melted orpartially melted composite material 36, with reinforcing members 28loaded therein is packed into the bore 22 by blocking the exit port 32of the bore 22. The plunger 16 is actuated forward to urge melted orpartially melted composite material 36 from the plunger housing 14 intothe barrel housing 22. Retraction of the plunger 16 permits the furtherloading of dry material 36 via the feed port 24. Actuation forward andback of the plunger 16 is preferably carried out to remove all airpockets in the bore 22 and to ensure smooth flow of material. It ispreferred that the stroke length of the plunger 16 be from just rear ofthe feed port 30 to a location just prior to the entry port 24.

In accordance with the present invention, as melted or partially meltedmaterial 36 travels down the bore 22 toward the exit port 32, thepolymer 26 is gradually heated to become fully melted. To enhance theheating of the polymer material 26 heat transfer into the partiallymelted material 25 is further enhanced by conducting heat from thehousing walls 20 of the bore 22 into the fins 38 where there isincreased surface area available for thermal transfer. The smooth taperof the bore 22 and the fins 38 cooperate together to cause the loadedreinforcing media 28, such as carbon fibers to become naturally alignedwith the axis of the downward flow of melt material 36 along the lengthof the bore 22. In FIG. 3, at a location proximal to the entry port ofthe bore 22, the fibers 28 in the composition are randomly orientedwithin the base matrix of polymer 26. However, in accordance with thepresent invention, the fibers 28 become highly oriented as they travelfurther down the bore 22 and are particularly aligned proximal to theexit port 32 of the bore 22. As a result, the smooth taper of the bore22 and the fins 38 located therein effectively orient the fiber 28within the composition 36 while providing an increased surface area forthermal transfer thereby decreasing the required residence time of thecomposition 36 within the bore 22. In addition, the overall length ofthe bore 22 enables the mixture to be properly mixed without usingturbulent mixers of the prior art, which would damage the delicatecarbon fibers 28. The gradual inward taper of the bore 22 also providesa gentle increase in compression without creating additional turbulenceor an increase in friction.

Once the bore 22 is pre-packed, flow of the composition 36, with thehighly oriented fiber 28 therein, can be started. The exit port 32 isopened and the appropriate molding assembly is connected to the machine12 for the injection of the composite material 36 therein. At the exitport 32, the composition 36 will be free of clumps of polymer 26 as thefins 38 enhance the overall consistency of the polymer 26 melt. Further,the polymer 26 and will be fully loaded with fibers 28 that arecompletely wetted out, aligned and evenly distributed therein. Theprocess can then continue by feeding additional dry mixture 36 (prior tomelting) through the feed port 24 and, with the assistance of the auger44, routed into the plunger housing 14 and into the bore 22 forextrusion via the exit port 32. The plunger 16 actuates back and forthto maintain a constant flow of melting mixture 36 through the bore 22 toprovide the molten extrudate out of the exit port 32.

Below is an example of an article formed by the molding machine 12 andcorresponding method of the present invention. In this example, themolded article is a plastic heat sink where carbon fibers thereinprovide the article with high thermal conductivity, particularly in thedirection of the length-wise orientation of the carbon fibers. Thefollowing table also provides a comparison with a prior art processemploying a known screw machine to illustrate the advantages of thepresent invention. The chart below illustrates that use of the presentinvention results in longer fiber lengths in the molded part, which inturn results in higher overall thermal conductivity of the finishedpart.

COMPARISON

Present Invention Prior Art Base Polymer Resin Polymer Resin MatrixPolyetherimide (ULTEM) Polyetherimide Liquid Crystal Polymer (ULTEM)(XYDAR) Liquid Crystal Others Polymer (XYDAR) others Reinforced CarbonFiber Carbon Fiber Media BP Amoco BP Amoco ermaGraph ™ CKDXThermaGraph ™ pitch-based ultrahigh CKDX pitch- modulus graphite fiberbased ultrahigh iber Length: 0.25–2.0 modulus graphite inches fiberFiber Diameter: 10 Fiber Length: microns 0.25–2.0 inches Fiber Diameter:10 microns Loading of 10–80 weight % 10–80 weight % Reinforced MediaMachine Smooth Tapered Bore Reciprocating Screw Used Bore Length: 12inches Injection Entry Port Size: Molding Machine 2 inches Exit PortSize: 0.25 inches Barrel Melt Polymer Dependent: Polymer Dependent:Temperature 450–700° F. 450–700° F. (for liquid crystalline (for liquidcrystalline polyester) polyester) Fiber Length 0.040–0.200 inches0.015–0.040 inches in Molded Part or greater Thermal 120 Watts/m-°K 28Watts/m-°K Conductivity

Referring now to FIGS. 5 and 6, two alternative embodiments of thepresent invention are shown. In FIG. 5, an alternative configuration ofthe feed port 24 is shown to be angled relative to the longitudinal axisof the bore 22 of the barrel housing 20. In the preferred embodimentabove, the dry mixture 36 of polymer 26 and carbon fiber 28 is routedthrough the feed port 24 and into the plunger housing 14 necessitatingthat the material 36 make a 90 degree turn in direction. The alternativeembodiment of FIG. 5 lessens the severity of the angle of entry of thepolymer 26 with delicate reinforcing fibers 28 therein by “pre-aligning”the fibers 28. As a result, the initial flow of the mixture 36 is lessturbulent with less trauma to the fibers 28, causing less breakage offibers 28 in the mixture 36. In addition, the auger 44 feed thread sizecan be made larger to further reduce breakage of the fibers 28.

It has been described above that the molding machine 12 extrudes amelted composition 36 for injection into a cavity of a mold for forminga reinforced part or article. Appropriate nozzles (not shown) areattached to achieve this transition. As shown in FIG. 6, the moldingmachine 12 and method can be employed as a pelletizer to form compositepellets 48 for later use in a molding machine. In FIG. 6, a mechanicalcutter 50, such as a radial cutter 50, is employed to cut extrudedmaterial 36 into pellets 48 for ejection into a collection bin 52. Thecutter 50 may be driven by rack and pinion linkage, gears and othermechanical assemblies and would be fully adjustable to control thelength of the pellet 48 and synchronization with the plunger 16, ifrequired. Each of the pellets 48 include fiber strands therein (notshown) running along the entire length of the pellet 48 thus maintainingthe integrity of the fiber 28 within each pellet 48. This pelletizingprocess of the present invention is greatly superior to prior artpultrusion methods. The pellets 48 can then be stored for furtherprocessing by later melting them and forming them into a molded partusing an injection molding machine such as the one described above inaccordance with the present invention.

While there is shown and described herein certain specific structureembodying the invention, it will be manifest to those skilled in the artthat various modifications and rearrangements of the parts may be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the underlying inventiveconcept and that the same is not limited to the particular forms hereinshown and described except insofar as indicated by the scope of theappended claims.

1. A plunger molding machine for forming a composite polymer from amixture of base polymer material and reinforcing particles having anaspect ratio greater than 1:1, comprising: a barrel assembly having afirst end and a second end opposite said first end, said barrel assemblyincluding, a barrel bore extending through said barrel assembly, saidbarrel bore having an inner surface, an input end at said first end, anoutput end at said second end and a longitudinal axis extending fromsaid first end to said second end, and longitudinal fins, each of saidfins having a height, a proximal end and a distal end, said finsdisposed on said inner surface, said fins protruding into said barrelbore from said inner surface and being substantially aligned with saidlongitudinal axis, wherein each of said proximal ends is connected tothe interior surface, each of said distal ends extending inwardlythereby defining a central unobstructed region in said bore; a plungerhousing having a plunger bore extending therethrough, defining aninitial melt chamber and in communication with said first end of saidbarrel bore; and a plunger within with said plunger bore, said plungerbeing reciprocatable within said plunger bore and into said first end ofsaid barrel bore.
 2. The plunger molding machine of claim 1, furthercomprising: a feed port in said plunger housing; and an auger connectedto said feed port to assist in the feeding of said mixture through saidfeed port and into said initial melt chamber.
 3. The plunger moldingmachine of claim 1, wherein said barrel bore is continuously inwardlytapered from said first end to said second end where said first end hasan opening relatively larger than an opening at said second end.
 4. Theplunger molding machine of claim 3, wherein the height of said finstapers from a first height at said first end of said bore to a secondheight smaller than said first height at said second end of said bore,said fins being tapered proportionally relative to said taper of saidbore.
 5. The plunger molding machine of claim 1, wherein said auger feedis positioned relative to said plunger housing at an angle less than 90degrees.